Digital Circuits (also known as digital electronics) form the foundation of modern computers, embedded systems, and communication devices. If you are preparing for GATE, TS PGCET, or B.Tech ECE exams, these notes will give you a complete overview of the subject in a structured way.
📌 Why Study Digital Circuits?
Digital circuits are everywhere – from your mobile phone processor to memory chips. Understanding them helps in:
- Cracking competitive exams like GATE, TS PGCET, ESE.
- Building a strong foundation for VLSI, Computer Architecture, and Embedded Systems.
- Practical applications in processors, controllers, and communication systems.
📚 Digital Circuits Syllabus & Notes
1. Number Systems and Codes
- Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal conversions
- 1’s & 2’s Complement, Signed Magnitude representation
- Binary arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
- Codes: BCD, Gray, Excess-3, ASCII
- Error detection and correction (Parity, Hamming Code)
2. Logic Gates
- Basic gates: AND, OR, NOT
- Universal gates: NAND, NOR
- XOR & XNOR
- Realization of Boolean functions using gates
3. Boolean Algebra & Minimization
- Boolean laws & theorems
- SOP & POS forms
- K-Map simplification (2, 3, 4 variables)
4. Combinational Circuits
- Half Adder, Full Adder, Subtractor
- Multiplexer (MUX), Demultiplexer (DEMUX)
- Encoder, Decoder, Priority Encoder
- Comparators
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) basics
5. Sequential Circuits
- Flip-Flops: SR, JK, D, T, Master-Slave
- Excitation tables & conversion
- Registers: SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO
- Counters: Asynchronous, Synchronous, Mod-n, Ring.
6. Memory & Programmable Devices
- ROM, RAM, EPROM, EEPROM
- Static RAM (SRAM) vs Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
- Programmable devices: PLA, PAL, FPGA
7. Timing Analysis
- Propagation delay
- Setup & hold time
- Clock frequency & duty cycle
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✅ Conclusion
Digital Circuits is one of the most important subjects for electronics students and competitive exams. With these notes, you can cover everything from the basics of number systems to advanced concepts like memory and programmable devices.
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